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Zofran is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist which is used mainly
in an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting and Ondansetron is a
an International nonproprietary name (INN;which is also known as
rINN, for recommended International Nonproprietary Name or pINN for
proposed International Nonproprietary Name) is the official
non-proprietary or generic name given to a pharmaceutical substance,
as designated by the World Health Organization (WHO) and its effects
are thought to be on both peripheral as well as central nerves.
Moreover ondansetron reduces the activity of the vagus nerve, which
activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata, and also
blocks serotonin receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone and
chemoreceptor trigger zone is an area of the brain which receives
inputs from blood-borne drugs or hormones, and communicates with the
Vomiting center, to initiate vomiting.
The CTZ(Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone) is close to the area postrema on
the floor of the fourth ventricle and is (necessarily) outside of
the blood-brain barrier and moreover the neurotransmitters
implicated in the control of nausea and vomiting include
acetylcholine, dopamine, substance P, and 5-HT and there are also
opioid receptors present which may be the mechanism by which opiates
cause nausea and vomiting and it has very little effect on vomiting
caused by motion sickness, and does not have any effect on dopamine
receptors.
muscarinic receptors and muscarinic receptors are those
membrane-bound acetylcholine receptors that are more sensitive to
muscarine than to nicotine and those for which the contrary is true
are known as nicotinic acetylcholine receptors and most importantly
muscarine and nicotine are both alkaloids.
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